Age
Egg number and quality drop through the 30s and 40s. In your 20s and early 30s the chance of pregnancy each month is about 25–30%; at 40 it’s 10% or less.
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Start with the big picture, then go deep on three hormone conditions that often get in the way: PCOS, endometriosis and thyroid disease.
Egg number and quality drop through the 30s and 40s. In your 20s and early 30s the chance of pregnancy each month is about 25–30%; at 40 it’s 10% or less.
No egg, no pregnancy. Irregular or missing periods often mean irregular ovulation. PCOS is the most common cause; thyroid disease is another.
Blocked or damaged tubes keep egg and sperm apart. The risk goes up with endometriosis, past pelvic infections like chlamydia, and pelvic surgery.
Fibroids, polyps or scarring can get in the way of an embryo implanting. An ultrasound or saline sonogram checks the inside of the uterus.
A sperm problem plays a part in about a third of cases, so both partners should be tested. A semen analysis is quick and inexpensive.
Smoking, heavy drinking, big weight changes, and stress or exercise intense enough to stop your periods can all lower fertility.
Sources: ASRM: Defining infertility · CDC: Infertility FAQs
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Source: NY Department of Financial Services Consumer Guide to Health Insurers 2025 (2024 data). Medicaid plans are rated by NY Department of Health (eQARR).
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